Answer 1:
A mole (Avogadros number) is the number that is equivalent to the number of atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12, which is always 6.022 x 1023 atoms.
Hydrogen has an atomic weight of 1.0079 rather than 1.0000 because a small proportion of hydrogen atoms are the isotope deuterium, or hydrogen-2, which has one proton and one neutron rather than just one proton. An even smaller proportion of hydrogen atoms are the isotope tritium, or hydrogen-3, which has one proton and two neutrons. These isotopes with an additional neutron add a tiny amount to hydrogens average atomic weight.
The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1.0079, which means that one mole of hydrogen atoms (or 6.0221 x 1023 atoms of hydrogen) has a mass of 1.0079 grams. So, if there is 1.0079 grams of hydrogen per mole, then you can find out the number of hydrogen atoms in 1.0000 grams using the following proportion:
6.0221 x 1023 atoms H / 1.0079 g H = x atoms H / 1.0000 g H
Multiply both sides of the equation by 1.0 g H to isolate the variable x on the right side.
1.0000 g H * (6.022 x 1023 atoms H / 1.0079 g H) = x atoms H
Simplify and cancel terms.
6.0221 x 1023 atoms H / 1.0079 = x atoms H
Multiply and round the answer to 5 significant figures.
5.9749 x 1023 atoms H / 1.0000 g H |