Answer 3:
It seems that detailed information about organelle
divisions during mitosis is elusive. I was able
to find the following cellbiology
"During
the cell division process there is a
reorganization of nearly all cell organelles and
the cell cytoskeleton.
Interestingly, of
the cell organelles, mitochondria appear to
undergo there own cycles of division (similar to
bacterial division) independent of the
cell."
Mitochondrial division is in fact
closely associated with cell division and is
regulated at "distinct checkpoints" during
mitosis, while mitochondrial morphology and
segregation is controlled by microtubules in the
cell.
A basic college biology textbook,
"Life -- The Science of Biology" (Purves, Sadava,
Orians, and Heller, 6th edition) states on page
164 "Followingcytokineses, both daughter cells
contain all the components of a complete cell....
Organelles such as ribosome, mitochondria, and
chloroplasts need not be distributed equally
between daughter cells as long as some of each are
present in both cells; accordingly, there is no
mechanism with a precision comparable to that of
mitosis to provide for their equal allocation to
daughter cells."
Another website suggested
that organelle division and synthesis occurred
primarily during cytokineses cohmetrix
This is not an "edu" website so I can't vouch for
its accuracy:
"Cytokineses, the second
stage of cell division, begins to occur before
mitosisis complete (usually during telophase) and
continues after the nuclei of the daughter cells
are completely formed. The preliminary steps of
cytokineses occur during the growth interphases
(called the G phases) of the cell cycle.In the G
phases, various membrane structures and
organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and
Golgi bodies, are produced out of components in
the cytoplasm. Therefore, before cytokineses
begins, there is growth in the size of the
cytoplasm and in the number of its organelles.
During the G phases there is also reproduction of
the mitochondria and chloroplasts. These
organelles contain their own DNA, called organelle
DNA, and the organelles' reproduction includes the
replication of the organelle DNA.
During
cytokineses, the cytoplasm and its contents
divide. In animal cells, the cytoplasm divides by
pinching inward, whereas in plant cells, a
partition, called the cell plate, begins to grow
and divide the cytoplasm.Cytokineses is not as
precise a process as mitosis because the amount of
cytoplasm in a daughter cell will be about half,
but not exactly half, the amount of cytoplasm in
the parent cell. In addition, each daughter cell
will have about half of the organelles from the
cytoplasm of the parent cell. In contrast to
mitosis, there is no precise mechanism working
during cytokinesesto guarantee that each daughter
cell receives exactly half of the parent cell's
cytoplasm and its organelles.
Cytokineses
does not always occur when mitosis occurs because
in some cells (such as those found in certain
molds) mitosis occurs repeatedly without
cytokineses taking place. In this case, each
repeated replication of genetic material with no
division of cytoplasm (or final separation into
new daughter cells) results in cells with two nuclei." Click Here to return to the search form.
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