I think most of us see in the same colors, and only a few people are "color-blind." The people who are color-blind can't see the difference between some colors that the rest of us can see, such as red and green. (Christmas must be less colorful for them!) There are patterns to test for color-blindness that give you an idea of what color-blind people don't see. Try out this site:
colorblind.

And check out this site - it shows how a color chart looks to people with a common form of color-blindness : the rainbow of colors is just blues and browns!
visibone.

I don't know how much research there is about whether we have small differences in how we see colors.

One color-blind person says:
"When I was a kid in kindergarten, my parents never knew why I got low grade in identifying the color of crayons. Not until the day I was responsible for an Open Day project on color blindness in my secondary school did I noticed that I am one of the 'victim'. Though I was not blamed for the low grade then, restriction on choosing my job twenty years later frustrated me somehow."

Color blindness is an inaccurate term for a lack of perceptual sensitivity to certain colors. Absolute color blindness is almost unknown. There are three types of color receptors in our eyes, red, green and blue. We also have black and white receptors. They are more sensitive than the color receptors, that is why we have poor color perception in the dark.

Color blindness comes as a result of a lack of one or more of the types of color receptors. Most color perception defects are for red or green or both. About 10% of males have a color perception defect, but this is rare in females. Red-green color blindness is a result of a lack of red receptors.

Another form of color blindness -- yellow-blue is the second most common form, but it's extremely rare. It is also possible to have the color receptors missing entirely, which would result in black and white vision.