Answer 1:
Hi - first, scientists are always honest (or
supposed to be, anyway).
1. Antimatter is just matter with opposite
quantum numbers and force charges. It can be in
any state that it wants, be it solid, liquid,
gas, hot plasma, or whatever.
2. The explosive properties of antimatter
come from the fact that when it combines with
regular matter, it annihilates to become pure
energy. It doesn't matter what the phase of the
antimatter is that's doing the annihilation, or
the phase of the matter that it's annihilating
with; all that matters is the mass.
3. The mass-energy conversion equation is the
famous E = mc2, where E is energy, m
is mass,
and c is the speed of light, which is 3 x
108
meters/second. The more mass, the more energy.
Of course, because any amount of antimatter
consumes an equal amount of matter when it
annihilates, you have to multiply the mass of
the antimatter by two in order to get the
correct energy released from the
annihilation.
4. One gram of mass annihilated (half a gram
of matter and half of antimatter, for example)
will release an amount of energy equal to
approximately 21 kilotons of TNT - roughly the
size of the atomic bomb that destroyed Nagasaki
in 1945. Release of energy from annihilating
antimatter with matter will be very similar in
terms of destructive power as a nuclear weapon
of the same yield, so if your antimatter is half
a kilogram instead of half a gram, then the
explosion will be about 21 megatons instead of
kilotons. Of course, there's no limit in theory
to how big a blob of antimatter you can throw at
something, allowing you to make an arbitrarily
powerful explosion using antimatter. By
contrast, the largest nuclear bomb ever
detonated was the Soviet Tsar Bomba, which had a
yield of approaching 50 megatons - roughly what
you would get with one kilogram of
antimatter.
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