Answer 1:
1. Diamagnetism is generally very weak, but
is constant with temperature. At high
temperatures, other forms of magnetism
(paramagnetism, ferromagnetism,
antiferromagnetism) become weaker, so
diamagnetism can play a more significant
role.
2. Yes, everything with electrons is
diamagnetic. With magnets, the diamagnetic
contribution is usually small compared to
contributions from paramagnetism or
ferromagnetism.
3.A superconductor is a material in which
charge flows without resistance. Some other
phenomena also accompany the superconducting
state, such as the Meissner effect, whereby the
material opposes and excludes all magnetic
fields from within itself.
4. Superconductors are 10 000 times more
diagmagnetic than any other material; however,
the next best contenders among well-known
materials are Bismuth and crystalline
graphite.
5. We study materials because we want to use
them for specific purposes. For example, for the
study of superconducting materials, there are
many potential uses if we could get the critical
temperature up high enough. Accordingly, there
is a lot of research that goes into efforts to
increase the critical temperature. This research
usually involves trying different elements, and
modifying the crystal-structure to better
understand how these changes influence
properties such as the superconducting
transition temperature.
6. The study of diamagnetism could be approached
in several careers, though you'd most likely
find interest among physicists, chemists, and
engineers.
I'm a chemist working in materials science,
and I spend my time researching materials with
interesting properties that we want to use in
technology. It involves picking systems that we
think are interesting, making the materials
(usually using high temperatures of 1000 degrees
Celcius or higher), measuring their properties,
and then changing specific conditions to see how
the properties change. Once we figure out how
the properties are influenced by certain
conditions (such as adding other elements), we
can then rationally improve the properties.
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