Answer 1:
Plant reproduction requires both pollination and
seed dispersal. The first step is pollination,
and many flowering plants use colors to attract
insects. Some have ultraviolet marks that can be
seen by insects but are invisible to human eyes.
Flowers are often shaped to provide a landing
platform for visiting insects or to force them
to brush against anthers and stigmas to transfer
the plants pollen for pollination of other
plants.
Some flowers have scent to attract insects.
Many of these scents are pleasing to humans too,
but not all - some flowers attract flies with a
smell of rotting meat. Colors can´t be seen in
the dark, so scent is important for flowers that
are pollinated by night-flying insects such as
moths.
Bird-pollinated flowers tend to be large and
colorful, so birds can see them easily against a
background of leaves. Some flowers even change
color to tell birds when to visit.
Plants that fruit (and other plants with
larger seeds), are greatly helped in the
dispersal of the seeds through visitation by
animals. Some seeds are eaten by the animal,
particularly when they are hidden inside of a
fruit; in the case of fruit, the plants provide
a nutritious reward in return for the seeds
being taken away by the animal, run through its
digestive system, and then deposited elsewhere
where a new plant may grow. The animal is
attracted to the fruit most often by its color
or odor. After eating the fruit, the animal then
becomes a seed dispersal agent and allows the
plant´s seeds to be taken away and planted
elsewhere so more plants can grow.
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