Answer 1:
This is an interesting question. In order to
see objects, we need light to hit our retinas at
the back of our eyes. This sends signals to our
brains, which process the information and
produce an image in our "minds." However, when
light gets too close to a black hole, it travels
extremely slowly. This means that light coming
from the area very near the black hole would
travel to an observer far from the black hole
very slowly.
So really, the answer to your question
depends on which perspective we are observing
from. For an observer at a great distance away
from the black hole, the spectacle would be
pretty boring -- we would eventually see the
person (or preferably object!) be torn apart in
slow motion. But from the perspective of the
person or object going into the black hole,
things would be happening at a "normal speed"
and they would be torn apart almost instantly
once they are close enough to the black hole.
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Answer 2:
First off, that depends on the size of the
black hole. The smaller a black hole is, the
more intense the tides are that it generates at
the event horizon (the "surface"). For a black
hole with the mass of a star, you would be torn
apart and dead long before reaching the event
horizon. Bigger black holes have their event
horizons farther out relative to the strength of
their gravity, so in a large enough black hole
you might have to be well inside before you feel
any tides.
If you are still alive to see it, there is
nothing obvious that happens when you cross the
event horizon. It looks like the event horizon -
the black surface - is still below you, in fact.
This is called the antihorizon. This is because
space is moving away from you, toward the center
of the black hole, at the speed of light, so
anything on the far side of the antihorizon is
invisible, just as anything on the far side of
the event horizon would be if you were outside
of the black hole. As you get closer to the
center of the black hole, the antihorizon gets
closer, but still always is below you; you never
see what is happening at the very center of the
hole (where all the mass is) until you get
there.
What happens at the center of a black hole is
an unanswered problem in physics. According to
Einstein's theory of general relativity, which
is currently the best description we have of the
force of gravity (and, by extension, black
holes), there is a point at the very center
containing all of the mass, with zero volume,
and where time itself actually comes to an end.
This is called a singularity. However, the
theory of quantum mechanics states that matter
cannot be compressed into an infinitely small
volume, no matter how infinitely powerful the
force compressing the matter is. It is probable
that Einstein's theory is wrong in that real
black holes do not contain singularities, but
what they do have in the center is a mystery:
quantum mechanics has yet to come up with an
explanation for gravity.
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Answer 3:
Say you headed toward a typical black hole
feet
first. The gravitational field near a black hole
is very strong, and it gets stronger as you get
closer to it. This means that the black hole
would
pull on your feet more than it would pull on your
head. In fact, the difference between the force
of
gravity on your feet and the force of gravity on
your head is so big that you would literally be
torn apart. You wouldn't survive going into a
black hole.
But let's assume you can build some sort of
spaceship that will protect you as you head
toward
a black hole. What will happen? It depends on the
type of the black hole. First, however, I should
mention that all black holes do have something in
common: they all
have a closed surface called an event horizon.
Once something, even light, is inside the event
horizon, it can never get out.
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