Answer 1:
Your question is an extremely valid one. While
it is true, that viruses are always changing, I
think we should first address how viruses change.
We know of many human diseases that are caused
by viruses like AIDS, chicken pox , colds,
leukemia ,liver cancer, measles, polio (Believe me
there are a lot more)
It is the distinguishing features of viruses
that actually make them different. They include:
type of cell they can infect ,
host range (how many hosts, man vs. pig, etc),
virion morphology ,
genetic material ,
genome structure ,
genome sequence
Viruses can also have different morphology
(helical, polyhedral, enveloped, etc.),and the
Viruses "genetic material" can be either DNA or
RNA.
This genetic material can change such that the
proteins that it encodes (proteins that work to
invade the host cell or take over its
transcriptional or translational machinery) can be
changed too, thus making a new viral strain. When
this happens, the therapeutic agent doesn't work
against that virus to deplete its populations
within cells. However, if you look at the list of
diseases caused by viruses, and you think about
the history of humans, in general, viruses have
become much less of a threat due to safer handling
of food, loss of co-habitant (with human) rodent
populations, and safer medical practices.
Yes, it is hard to make a drug against an organism
that is changing its proteins, but in fact, the
harder part is making sure that the use of
medication is REGULATED by overseeing agencies
such that drugs that cure do not also have
secondary (sometimes more harmful) effects.
Flu shots are a great cure for the common flu
caused by the virus influenza. However,
there are other drugs that also help with lowering
the infection time, like Antiviral drugs can be
used to help prevent and treat influenza. Some of
these drugs are very powerful and more effective
than vaccination. Of course they have often side
effects and have to be taken right away when the
infection starts.
So, as you can see, scientists are really very
successful in many therapeutic advances against
viruses. A good website to visit is the Center for
Disease Prevention and Control:
CDC
.
These sites have a lot of information on
viruses and world health.
Cheers to your health!
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