Answer 1:
Mountain ranges, and all rocks really, are only
affected on very long time scales. The rocky
mountains along Western North America started to
be built around 65 million years ago! Over those
65 million years it's been both much hotter and
much colder than it is today because the earth is
always changing between a cold climate (ice age)
and warm climate. Even throughout those big
temperature changes, they still managed to build
up to how tall they are now.
But having said that, climate -- which determines
how much water is in an environment-- can broadly
affect how fast the mountains erode. If there is
more water (rain, snow, hail, etc.) in contact
with a rock, this will speed up the chemical
reactions that break down rocks. If the climate
around a mountain range became more wet, then the
mountains would erode much faster (relatively
speaking).
So on the whole, because mountains change on a
millions-of-years timescale, climate change
doesn't really effect them.
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