Insects obey the same laws of physics as we do. However, because of basic principles of geometry (in particular the square-cube law), the implications that the laws of physics have for insects can be different from us in a number of ways. For example it isn't as far from the brain or other nerve centers to the muscles in insects, which allows for less time required transmitting signals to and from different parts of an insect's body. Similarly, because muscles transmit force over their cross-sectional area and animals weigh what they do because of the volume of their bodies, insects are much stronger relative to how much they weigh than we are. The same goes for the resistive abilities of their exoskeleton: an insect can subject itself to g-forces that would kill a human but come away unharmed. However, ultimately insects are made of the same materials that we are, and the underlying physical principles that determine their biology are the same as those responsible for our biology.

Thanks for your question.
I'm not an expert in animal cognition, but I can wholeheartedly say that I have colleagues in the field of psychological science who are actively studying animals to shed more light on thinking in humans and others organisms, robotic ones too!

One unique aspect of animal cognition is their wayfinding behavior. It seems that certain animals, such as birds, have attuned their perception to magnetic sensory information.

Hope this feeds your curiosity to ask more great questions!