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Hello, Science Line,
Although Nitrogen can combine with chemicals to
produce unpleasant byproducts as a result of fuel
combustion (nitrogen oxides in smog, etc.), I was
wondering if atmospheric nitrogen can actually be
harnessed (somewhat like atmospheric oxygen) to
produce power in any way? Although nitrogen has a
strong tendency for inertness, since it makes up
the bulk of air, it is a shame that it cannot be
harnessed somehow -- are there any oxidizers/fuels
which can be made to react
energetically/explosively with nitrogen gas,
especially under heat and/or pressure? Thank
you very much. |
Question Date: 2014-12-15 | | Answer 1:
Because Nitrogen is very stable, it takes a lot of
energy to turn it into anything other than pure
nitrogen (N2). Combustion in cars gives
it enough energy to for NOx gases, but in general,
there isn't much energy to harness in nitrogen
gas. For chemical reactions to occur, it must
result in something more stable than the reactants
going into it. Because very few things are more
stable than N2, it doesn't make much
sense to try to use it this way. This is a really
good thought though, and one that has actually
been investigated thoroughly for about a hundred
years! Many other products (such as explosives or
fertilizer) require nitrogen, and there is so much
in the air it makes a good source.
To get the nitrogen from the air, a fairly
expensive method called the Haber process
is used. It was developed only about 100 years ago
and is responsible for the massive increase in
world population due to the increase in
fertilizer. It requires high temperatures and a
good catalyst, but despite the cost is one of the
most common chemical productions in the world. If
you're interested in this kind of thing, you may
want to look into Chemical Engineering.
| | Answer 2:
Although we don't use atmospheric nitrogen to
produce power, atmospheric nitrogen is used to
produce fertilizer that is needed to grow most of
the food we consume. Some estimates are that a
third of the world's population is sustained by
fertilizer produced in this way. To produce
ammonia that is eventually incorporated into
fertilizer, H2 is mixed with
N2 at high temperatures (300 - 500
Celcius) and pressures (~200 atmospheres) in the
Haber process.
| | Answer 3:
I'm not aware of any ways in which nitrogen
gas can be used directly to make fuel or
electricity the way that, for example, hydrogen
can be used. However, nitrogen is a very abundant
and useful element that is in a variety of
compounds and materials, some of which are
relevant to the energy sector.
I can tell you one example that I work with:
nitrogen and gallium can be chemically combined
to produce a material called gallium nitride
(GaN). GaN is a semiconductor that emits light
when powered with electricity, and it is the
material used in energy efficient LED lights.
An LED bulb consumes just a 10th of the power of a
traditional incandescent bulb with the same
brightness.
This material and application have had such a
great impact in reducing electricity consumption
that the most recent Nobel Prize in Physics was
awarded for the invention of the energy efficient
LED. | | Answer 4:
The answer is probably not, and it has a lot to
do with bond energies. A really basic way to
estimate if a chemical reaction will release
energy is to compare the chemical bonds you make
to the chemical bonds you must break as the result
of the reaction. If you have to break stronger
bonds then you end up making, the reaction is much
less likely to happen, and will consume as opposed
to release energy. Atmospheric nitrogen is found
in the form of N2, and it forms a
triple bond, which means that each atom
contributes 3 electrons to the bond as opposed to
1 each for a single bond. This bond is extremely
strong, and you can find some tables of bond
energies to examine for yourself exactly how
strong it is. A table I found with some quick
googling says that the nitrogen tripple bond is
around twice as strong as the bond that holds the
oxygens together in O2. This means that
if you were to break apart a N2
molecule, it would be hard to find a bond to place
it in that would have a lower energy. Click Here to return to the search form.
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