Answer 1:
It's happenstance, not design. Chromosomes are
the length they are because of evolutionary
accident. In some cases there are important
adaptive reasons for why chromosomes would be of a
certain length (for example, on the mammalian Y
chromosome, there are really only a handful of
genes that are important, because females don't
have that chromosome at all, which means that the
Y is really short).
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Answer 2:
Chromosomes just happen to be different in
number, size, and lengths of the arms. Life
started from single-celled organisms like bacteria
that just have a circle of double-stranded DNA and
no chromosomes. Then each species of life changed
in different ways to get all the different forms
we see today.
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