|
Do all snakes hibernate?
What Skeletal/Muscular systems contribute to their
movement?
How do snake species inject venom and do they all
inject venom the same way?
Thank you for taking the time out of your busy day
to answer my questions. I would personally like to
thank you for all your hard work that you do to
preserve wildlife through out the world.
|
Question Date: 2016-06-17 | | Answer 1:
Do all snakes hibernate?
Not all snakes hibernate! Whether or not a snake
hibernates depends on its species and where it
lives in the world. A snake that lives in areas of
the world that get cold in the winter will
hibernate through the season, but a snake that
lives in warmer areas, like the tropics, don’t go
into hibernation.
For example, a rattlesnake in North America
hibernates during the winter season, while
pythons in Florida don’t hibernate. Some snakes
go into brumation, which is different than
hibernation. In hibernation, snakes go into a
deep sleep while in brumation snakes don’t sleep
through the season, but their activity levels
decrease and their metabolism slows.
What skeletal/muscular systems contribute to
their movement?
Check out this video on the science of snake
movement: video.
Snakes have four methods of movement:
serpentine, sidewinding, caterpillar, and
concertina. Snakes use their muscular system
to help them move. They also have 130-500
vertebrae, each with ribs attached, that aid in
their movement. Snakes also use their scales to
help them move!
How do snake species inject venom, and do
they all inject venom the same way?
Snakes inject their venom by biting their prey,
but the injection of venom changes depending on
the snake species. It used to be believed that
most snakes inject venom using hollow fangs,
however less than 1/7 of snakes inject venom with
hollow fangs. Most other snakes “punch” two holes
into their prey and the venom enters by a groove
on the snake’s fangs!
| | Answer 2:
Do all snakes hibernate?
I am pretty sure the answer is "no". I
can't imagine why tropical snakes would hibernate.
What Skeletal/Muscular systems contribute to
their movement?
Snakes have the same skeletal and muscular systems
that we do. They have no limbs, which means that
all of their muscles are the muscles of their
torsos, but they're the same as yours.
How do snake species inject venom and do
they all inject venom the same way?
Well, to begin with, there are many snakes that
have no venom. Those that do have venom I believe
all use modified teeth in order to inject it (I
don't believe any snakes have contact venom).
Snake venom is thought to have evolved only
once in all snakes, which would suggest a common
delivery mechanism as well.
Thank you for taking the time out of your
busy day to answer my questions. I would
personally like to thank you for all your hard
work that you do to preserve wildlife throughout
the world.
You're the one who preserves the wildlife
(well, you will be when you're old enough to
vote)! We scientists generate knowledge, but that
knowledge is then handed to management people,
politicians, and voters, who the put it to use.
| | Answer 3:
What Skeletal/Muscular systems contribute to
their movement?
The most common type of snake movement is a
rhythmic pattern of bending called lateral
undulation, which we usually call slithering.
To allow this bending, their spines are made up of
many small bones, called vertebrae, which are
flexibly connected, similar to the human spine.
However, while human spines have 33 bones,
snake spines can have over 400. Having many
bones in the spine makes the snake flexible
because each joint between vertebrae only needs to
bend a small amount for the whole snake to bend a
lot, which makes snakes much more flexible than
humans.
The way snakes can bend allows them
to travel through tight spaces and around many
obstacles, a very useful skill. Scientists are
currently trying to make robots which move like
snakes, which could be used to find people for
rescue in disaster situations, like collapsed
buildings or mines. Also, NASA is developing snake
robots for use in space missions. These robots
already have a name: Snakebots.
How do snake species inject venom and do
they all inject venom the same way?
There are actually two common ways
for snakes to inject their venom. Some snakes
have hollow fangs connected to the organ that
produces the venom, called a gland. When the snake
bites an animal, muscles squeeze the gland, and
the venom flows through the fang and into the
animal. The snake needs to use its muscles to
raise the pressure in the gland and force the
venom through the fang. Without the muscles
pushing the venom out, it would not flow. Think of
holding your thumb over the top of a straw filled
with water. The water doesn’t flow out of the
straw until you remove your thumb.
Other types of snakes have fangs with
a groove running down the side of the fang. After
the venom is produced by the gland, it is trapped
in the fang groove due to a property of the venom
called surface tension. Surface tension is
the property that makes liquids form droplets, and
in this case it causes the venom to remain in the
groove instead of falling out, like water droplets
hanging on the underside of a leaf. After the
snake bites, the venom is sucked out of the groove
and into the tissue of the bitten animal, similar
to how water is absorbed by a napkin.
One more thing helps both types of
snakes inject their venom: the venom flows more
easily when it is being injected. When the venom
is stationary, it is thick and viscous, like
syrup. However, as the venom is driven out of the
fang, it becomes thinner, like water, and can
enter the body of the bitten animal more quickly.
This type of fluid is called a shear-thinning
fluid. Another common shear-thinning fluid is
ketchup: it sticks in the bottle until you get it
moving, and then it flows out quickly.
Click Here to return to the search form.
|
 |
 |
 |
|
Copyright © 2020 The Regents of the University of California,
All Rights Reserved.
UCSB Terms of Use
|
|
|