Answer 1:
Let's clear up some ideas about matter and
energy.
There are many forms of matter. This includes
molecules, the parts that make up molecules
(atoms), the parts that make up atoms (subatomic
particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons), the
parts that make up subatomic particles, and so on.
Hydrogen gas (H2) is a simple molecule
made up of two hydrogen atoms (H). When physicists
talk about creating hydrogen, they might mean
putting hydrogen atoms together to form hydrogen
gas, or they might mean putting subatomic
particles together to form hydrogen atoms, or
maybe something even smaller. Either way, to
"create" matter, you need to use matter. You
can think of it as combining or rearranging
matter.
To rearrange matter, you also need
energy. There are two possible reasons for
this. The first reason is that the product you're
trying to create has more chemical energy. It
takes some energy to bond atoms together, and an
enormous amount of energy to bind protons and
neutrons together. The second reason is that there
might be an energy barrier. Sometimes you need to
put in even more energy than the product will
have, just to get the chemical reaction started.
There are many forms of energy. We just talked
about chemical energy, which is energy
stored in a chemical bond. This is an important
form of potential energy. Then there is kinetic
energy, which is energy that describes the
motion of matter. Temperature is a way to measure
the kinetic energy of a system (a group of
matter), especially from the particles rotating,
vibrating and bumping into each other. Heat is
kinetic energy being transferred to different
matter. So energy cannot cool.
Instead, matter cools when you remove heat
(kinetic energy) from it.
Okay, now for the Big Bang. The universe is a
very large system made up of matter, and that
matter has energy. In the beginning, most of that
matter may have been particles smaller than atoms.
These particles combined into ("created") atoms,
hydrogen gas and other things, which took a lot of
chemical energy. The particles took this out of
their kinetic energy. Now, since the universe
has less kinetic energy, its temperature went down
(it cooled).
Remember that much of what we say about the
Big Bang are theories. We can't know for sure
exactly what happened at the beginning of the
universe, but we can use all the knowledge
we've built about chemistry and physics to make a
good guess.
Click Here to return to the search form.
|