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Why there is a need of potential difference for
the flow of charges or electricity? |
Question Date: 2017-05-14 | | Answer 1:
In physics, if we see flow, it is because there
is a gradient, or difference in the amount of
something in one region of space versus another
region. For example, if we consider water
flows down a waterfall, we will realize that there
is a gravitational potential difference between
the top of the waterfall and the bottom. Namely,
there is higher gravitational potential at the
top, and lower gravitational potential at the
bottom. In the case of the waterfall, water
flows from high gravitational potential to low
gravitational potential. Something similar
happens for electrical charges. A voltage is a
difference in electrical potentials in one region
of space as compared with another region of
space. If there is a difference, electrical
charge will flow from regions of high
electrostatic potential to low electrostatic
potential. I hope this helps!
| | Answer 2:
If there is no potential difference, why would
the charge flow? You may start with this
question. When you apply the potential
difference, you are supplying the external force
that can drive the charges. Another similar
example is the water fall. If there is no external
force, and then the water would stay at the same
place. Since water (or everything) is subject to
gravity, so whenever there is a chance, the water
would flow from a high position to a low ground.
| | Answer 3:
Electrons, like any matter, will not move
unless acted upon by a force. This is Newton's
first law of motion.
Electric charges generate a force between them:
like charges repel each-other, while opposite
charges attract. Electric potential difference
is a measure of the strength of this force,
divided by the amount of electric charge being
acted upon. As such electric potential
differences are needed to make electrons move,
i.e. create electricity, because the potential
represents the force needed to get past Newtons
first law.
| | Answer 4:
If neither the positive charges nor the negative
charges are being 'pulled' in some direction, they
don't go anywhere. There needs to be somewhere
that the positive charges, or the negative
charges, 'want' to go, in order for current to
flow. That's the potential difference - the
force pulling one of the charges in one direction.
| | Answer 5:
Think of electric potential energy just like
you think of gravitational energy. If you hold an
object high above your head, it has a lot more
potential energy than it does if you were to hold
it just above the ground. If you look at the
formula for electric potential (k q / r),
we can see that r, or the distance between the
charges, is just like the distance between the
object and the ground in our gravitational
potential energy comparison. Objects in space will
always move from a place of higher potential to a
place of lower potential, like an apple falling
from a tree toward the ground, therefore we can
see that the difference in potential is what
makes electrical particles move!
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