Answer 1:
Yes, in fact. California is moving!
By answering your question, I figure you mean
something like "is California moving, even
though when I stand on the ground it doesn't feel
like it". If you think about it, the whole
Earth is spinning and orbiting the sun, our solar
system is orbiting the center of the Milky Way
Galaxy, and our galaxy is also moving! But that's
too much to consider right now.
Let's focus on how California is moving right
now. This answer will be all about something you
might have heard of before: plate
tectonics. Plate tectonics is the science
behind why California is moving, and why every bit
of land on Earth is moving, even right now!
Basically, all of the Earth's crust is split
into chunks called tectonic plates. Imagine that
you broke a dinner plate, and you (very
carefully!) rearrange the pieces to fit back
together. That's how the outer part of the earth
fits together.
Even though the earth feels solid to us, it's
not solid on the inside. In fact, it's made up of
many layers, some which are solid and some which
are liquid. Really, we only experience a tiny tiny
part of Earth. It turns out, the earth has many
solid pieces on top of a liquid. This liquid part
is called the mantle. One property of liquids and
gasses is that they change size (volume) when they
heat and cool.
The earth's mantle is no different. As the
outer liquid cools a bit and the inner liquid
warms, this creates a difference in density. This
difference in density causes forces to move the
hot parts up and the cold parts down (lighter
stuff on top, heavier stuff on the bottom). You
may have seen this in the kitchen when you have
oil floating on water. The oil is less dense
(lighter) and the water is more dense (heavier) so
the heavy stuff sinks and the light stuff floats.
This floating and sinking of different
temperature liquids happens all over the place in
nature, so we've given it a specific name:
convection. See the picture below for what
convection looks like in the earth:
how plates move
The liquid moving underneath the solid causes
tectonic plates to move - remember the pieces of
broken plate, now they're floating on water!
There's a bit more to this movement, and you can
read about it on the link above.
The bottom line is this: California is on
the move!
Fun fact - Australia moves about 7 cm (~3
inches) north each year because of plate
tectonics! Click Here to return to the search form.
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