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Which of the two crusts is heavier, the
continental crust, or the oceanic crust? |
Question Date: 2018-06-06 | | Answer 1:
Continental crust is less dense than
oceanic crust. The main reason is that continental
crust is richer in SiO2 and
Al2O3 and poorer in
MgO, and FeO, and Cao. These later oxides are
denser than silica and alumina. | | Answer 2:
If you took the same volume—the same amount—of
oceanic crust as continental crust then the
oceanic crust would weigh about 10% more on
average.
Oceanic crust covers most of the ocean basins,
about 260 million square kilometers (km). An
average thickness of the oceanic crust is 7 km, so
there are about 1,800 million cubic kilometers of
oceanic crust. But continental crust only covers
the 250 million square kilometers of the
continents and offshore areas that have
continental crust. Its thickness is 40 km on
average. So that's about 10,000 million cubic km
of continental crust. Oceanic crust is only
10-15% denser on average, which isn't enough
to make up for the size of the continents near the
surface!
But that's not all! At the edges of tectonic
plates oceanic crust sinks into the Earth's mantle
through a process called subduction. That
means there are pieces of old oceanic crust that
are deeper in the Earth. These old chunks of
oceanic crust have sunk since plate tectonics
started; there is more oceanic crust in the
mantle than near the surface of the Earth.
While it's true some continental crust can be
subducted, the amount is much less than oceanic
crust. If we include all of the oceanic crust
that is deep in the Earth then all of the oceanic
crust probably weighs more than the continental
crust.
| | Answer 3:
I think the important property here is not the
weight ("heaviness") of the crusts but rather the
density, i.e. the weight per volume of a
material. The density is what determines
how plates behave when meeting at
convergent boundaries. Of the two,
the oceanic crust is denser, around 2.9
g/cm3 (vs. ~2.7 gm/cm3). The
difference is due to the
compositions, with the continental crust
containing lighter elements such as
silicon, aluminum, and alkali metals in
greater abundance.
Regarding weights though, the densities can be
combined with the volume of each of the crusts to
determine which is heavier. It turns out that
the continental crust, although it covers far
less of the Earth's surface area, is much
thicker (25-70 km vs. 5-10 km). Thus, the
continental crust, with roughly twice the volume
of the oceanic crust (~70% of the total crust) and
only a slightly lower density, will have a higher
weight.
| | Answer 4:
Oceanic crust has a higher density than
continental crust. Evidence that this is true
(proof), and can be observed when an oceanic plate
collides with a continental plate. At a convergent
boundary, where an oceanic crust is colliding with
a continental crust, almost always the oceanic
crust will subduct (go underneath the continental
crust). This is because it is heavier.
| | Answer 5:
The continental crust is thicker than the oceanic
crust,
read here
"Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic
crust, though it is considerably thicker; mostly
35 to 40 km versus the average oceanic thickness
of around 7-10 km."
| | Answer 6:
Continental crust is mostly granite, which has a
density of 2500 kilograms per cubic meter.
Continental crust is usually about 30-50
kilometers thick.
Ocean crust is mostly basalt, which has a density
of 2800 kilograms per cubic meter. Ocean crust is
usually about 5-10 kilometers thick.
Do the math, and you will find that a square
kilometer of continental crust weighs more,
despite being less dense than ocean crust. Being
less dense, however, means that the continental
crust floats on top of the mantle underneath it.
Ocean crust, however, by being denser, is able to
sink when it gets subducted.
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