Hi Rossa - thanks for asking! This is a great question, and important for our current moment.

The flu vaccine comes about from the collaboration of scientists affiliated with the World Health Organization, from laboratories all over the world. Thousands of flu samples from patients are tested and analyzed by these scientists, and every year they meet with the WHO to make recommendations for what they think the flu is going to look like that year. You can find more information about this from the United States’s Center for Disease Control (CDC) here: Center for Disease Control.

It’s hard to say what will happen with the COVID-19 vaccine, because we don’t know yet how it might evolve. Scientists collaborating all around the world have learned a lot about it already in record time, but since we don’t know how it might evolve, we’re not able yet to predict vaccines for it in the future.