UCSB Science Line
Sponge Spicules Nerve Cells Galaxy Abalone Shell Nickel Succinate X-ray Lens Lupine
UCSB Science Line
Home
How it Works
Ask a Question
Search Topics
Webcasts
Our Scientists
Science Links
Contact Information
How does wind erosion affect the plant and animal life in the Ventura/Santa Barbara area?
Question Date: 2005-01-12
Answer 1:

I'm not sure that wind erosion is a very significant problem in the Ventura/Santa Barbara area since this region is well sheltered from prevailing winds in the area. We are protected from south winds by the Channel Islands,from north winds by the Santa Inez Mountains, and from northwest coastal winds by Point Conception. We are only exposed to the west and to the east or southeast, which is where the seasonal Santa Ana winds come from.

Additionally, for an arid (dry) climate, this area is fairly well vegetated with trees and brush that serve as a windbreak to absorb and diminish the strength of the winds, and to hold moisture and stabilize the soil against potential wind erosion. As a result, most of the Ventura/Santa Barbara area rarely experiences strong enough winds that would cause damage due to wind erosion.

However, in areas of Santa Barbara or Ventura where cover vegetation and windbreak-forming trees have been removed, the soil may be very exposed to any winds and suffer topsoil loss due to wind (or water) erosion. This may especially be a problem in areas where ranching and livestock grazing have damaged surface vegetation and denuded the surface; where farming has replaced perennial brush and trees that are present year round with low-lying annual crops that leave the soil bare during the non-growing season; or in locations where forest fires or clear cuts have exposed previously forested areas.

Topsoil loss is a serious problem for some agriculture because it removes the surface levels of the soil that contain the most nutrient-rich organic matter and sustain the microbial communities that plants require surviving and growing. Additionally, the soil that is blown into the atmosphere can create dust storms that contribute to air pollution, harm human and animal health through respiratory stress, and harm vegetation in a number of ways, including enhancing the transmission of diseases and susceptibility of plants to diseases.

Wind and water erosion together enhance the potential for watershed destruction, flooding, sedimentation, landslides, and fugitive dust storms resulting from the loss of native ground cover and grading on steep slopes.

As an aside, sometimes wind erosion in distant parts of the world cause dust and sand storms that carry particulate matter along with pathogens (diseases) and other chemicals thousands of miles to distant, remote ecosystems where they may have a tremendous impact. For instance, sand storms from wind erosion in the Sahara Desert carry sand along with a pathogen across the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean Sea, which subsequently causes a disease epidemic in sea fans (a type of soft coral) on coral reefs throughout the Caribbean. Additionally, the Gobi Desert in north central China and Mongolia produces large dust storms from wind erosion. These dust storms occasionally sweep eastward and transport iron-rich dust into the North Pacific Ocean. Since iron is a limiting nutrient for primary producers in the North Pacific, these iron deposits from wind erosion can cause large phytoplankton blooms. In both cases, the wind erosion problem is originating in very arid (dry) desert areas with little moisture or cover vegetation to stabilize and shield the soil.

Wind erosion is primarily a problem for plant and animal life in the following types of areas:

1) Wind-exposed areas.
2) Areas where windbreak vegetation has been removed, degraded, or replaced with lower-lying vegetation.
3) Arid (dry) areas, especially deserts where scarce water has been depleted or diverted for other uses (e.g., agriculture, urban consumption.
4) Arid areas where droughts have dried up previously existing water sources

In arid regions, existing water sources are important to alleviate the effects of wind erosion because water helps to bind and stabilize soil. Wind erosion is especially a problem in the dry southwestern U.S. as increasing numbers of people are diverting lakes, streams, and rivers and depleting groundwater stores for irrigation and other human uses.

Here is an excerpt from the website, click here

"Populations are growing rapidly in large parts of the semi-arid to arid regions of the southwestern United States. As a result, stresses are increasing on fragile desert surfaces and on water supplies in an area where water is a precious commodity. Nearly all of the available surface water has already been claimed and diverted for human use, and ground water is now tapped for new water supplies. As surface and ground water diversion increases, arid-land surfaces that were previously wet or stabilized by vegetation are increasingly susceptible to deflation by wind.


Answer 2:

Wind erosion has the ability to abrade surfaces that are not in channels, and thus can change the land forms and can also move soil around. This is both good and bad; it means that some plants get soil blown onto them where they would not get it otherwise, but it also means that some plants get their soil eaten away. Of course, if your soil gets eaten away and you are a small desert shrub, this is good for you, because it means that the big subtropical tree that would cut off your access to sunlight can't grow there! This all affects animals because it creates a patchiness in the vegetation cover, which in turn affects all kinds of ecological factors, the most immediate being food supply.



Click Here to return to the search form.

University of California, Santa Barbara Materials Research Laboratory National Science Foundation
This program is co-sponsored by the National Science Foundation and UCSB School-University Partnerships
Copyright © 2020 The Regents of the University of California,
All Rights Reserved.
UCSB Terms of Use